What is an aquifer?

An aquifer is defined as a geological formation that can store and transmit groundwater, effectively serving as a source of water supply. This underground layer, often composed of permeable rock or sediment, allows water to seep through its spaces between the particles, making it capable of holding significant amounts of water. Aquifers are crucial for providing fresh water to wells and springs, making them vital to both rural and urban water supply systems.

This understanding is essential for managing water resources effectively, particularly in areas where surface water may be limited. In contrast to other definitions, the options highlighting water treatment processes, surface water bodies collecting rainwater, or regions devoid of water do not accurately represent the concept of an aquifer and thus do not capture its primary characteristics or functions in hydrology.