What is blue baby syndrome primarily caused by?

Blue baby syndrome is primarily caused by nitrates in drinking water, specifically stemming from sources like agricultural runoff where fertilizers containing nitrates are used. When infants ingest high levels of nitrates, their bodies convert these compounds into nitrites, which can interfere with the blood's ability to carry oxygen. This is particularly dangerous for infants under six months of age as their hemoglobin can become methemoglobin, leading to a bluish discoloration of the skin, primarily around the lips and fingertips.

The condition highlights the importance of monitoring and managing nitrate levels in community water supplies to ensure safety, especially for vulnerable populations such as infants. Nitrate contamination is a significant concern in areas where agricultural practices and septic systems coexist, as well as in regions with poor wastewater management.