What is the purpose of a septic tank?

The purpose of a septic tank is primarily to treat wastewater generated from homes and businesses. When wastewater flows into a septic tank, it undergoes a natural treatment process. The tank allows solids to settle at the bottom, forming sludge, while oils and lighter materials float to the top, creating scum. This separation helps to reduce the amount of waste that is discharged into the drain field for further treatment.

The septic tank requires regular maintenance to ensure its efficiency, such as periodic pumping to remove the accumulated solids, which can otherwise lead to system failure. Proper maintenance ensures that the system functions effectively and prevents potential environmental contamination. This is a key aspect of managing household wastewater in areas where centralized sewer systems are not available.