Which treatment method involves the use of heat to eliminate pathogens?

The treatment method that involves the use of heat to eliminate pathogens is boiling. Boiling water is a highly effective way to kill microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. When water is brought to a rolling boil for a sufficient amount of time, typically one minute at sea level, the high temperature kills most pathogens, making it safe for consumption. This method is practical for emergency situations or in areas where water treatment facilities are not available.

While other treatment methods like filtration, UV treatment, and chlorination are effective in reducing or eliminating pathogens in water, they do not rely on heat. Filtration mechanically removes contaminants but does not kill pathogens. UV treatment uses ultraviolet light to deactivate microorganisms without any heat involved. Chlorination adds chemicals to disinfect water but also does not involve heat. Thus, boiling specifically stands out as the thermal treatment method aimed directly at pathogen elimination.