Why are vegetative buffer zones created near rivers?

Vegetative buffer zones are primarily established near rivers to filter pollutants and reduce runoff into water bodies. These buffers consist of plants, soil, and organic matter that work together to absorb and filter out harmful substances, such as fertilizers, pesticides, and sediments, before they reach the water. This process is crucial for maintaining water quality and protecting aquatic ecosystems.

By effectively trapping and utilizing nutrients and contaminants, vegetative buffers help to minimize the impacts of urban and agricultural runoff, thereby promoting cleaner rivers and lakes. Furthermore, these zones can enhance the health of the surrounding environment by regulating temperature, stabilizing soil, and supporting biodiversity, which indirectly contributes to all the options presented. However, the primary and most significant function remains the filtration of pollutants.